What is a Wind Turbine Nacelle?

The nacelle is the cover housing that sits atop the tower of a wind turbine. It contains all of the mechanical and electrical generating components of the turbine. These include the gearbox, generator, control systems and braking mechanisms. The nacelle rotates to face into the wind so the blades can spin the drive shaft and generate electricity.

Components Inside the Nacelle

Gearbox
The gearbox sits between the rotor and the generator. It spins the generator at optimal RPM for electricity production. Gearboxes use a series of connected gears of different sizes to increase the low rotational speed of the turbine blades to a much higher speed required by the generator. Larger multi-megawatt turbines usually have two or three-stage gearboxes for greater speed increases.

Generator
The generator is a large electric motor which converts the rotational energy of the drive train into electric current. Most wind turbines use an induction generator which produces alternating current (AC). The generator is directly connected to and rotated by the gearbox. As it spins, the magnetic field inside the generator interacts with windings to produce 3-phase AC electricity.

Control Systems
An elaborate control system maintains optimal Wind Turbine Nacelle and performance. Sensors monitor critical components like temperature and vibrations. Controls adjust blade pitch, yaw orientation and braking based on wind conditions. A computerized monitoring system transmits performance data to operators for maintenance. Control cabinets house electronic cards, computers and switchgear.

Hydraulic Systems
Pressurized hydraulic fluid powers key mechanisms inside the nacelle. Cylinders attached to the rotor hub adjust blade pitch for regulating power output and stopping the turbine. Hydraulic motors turn the nacelle into the wind. Braking uses fluid under pressure to clamp brake pads onto the generator shaft. Hydraulic lines snake throughout the enclosed body.

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