What is Testosterone?
Testosterone is a hormone that is primarily produced in men's testes and is responsible for male sexual and reproductive functions. It is an androgen, meaning it contributes to masculine traits, and regulates sperm production and sexual activity. Testosterone is essential for healthy bones and muscles, sex drive, mood, and energy levels. As men age, their testosterone levels slowly and gradually decline due to decreased production by the testes.
Reasons for Testosterone Replacement Therapy
The need for TRT, also called TRT, can arise due to low levels of the hormone that occur due to natural aging as well as certain medical conditions:
- Late-onset hypogonadism (LOH): As men grow older past their 30s, their testosterone levels slowly decrease, a condition known as LOH. By age 60-70 years, up to 50% men may have low testosterone levels.
- Pituitary or testicular disorders: Problems in the pituitary gland or testes themselves can lead to low production of testosterone like Klinefelter's syndrome, pituitary tumors, orchitis, or undescended testes.
- Chronic illnesses: Certain chronic illnesses and conditions like HIV/AIDS, kidney or liver diseases, diabetes can cause low testosterone levels.
- Medications and substances: Some medications, steroids, opioids, alcohol, marijuana abuse have been linked to lower testosterone.
Symptoms of Low Testosterone
Some common symptoms experienced with low Testosterone levels include:
- Low libido and erectile dysfunction.
- Reduced energy levels, motivation and mood changes.
- Increased body fat, reduced muscle mass and strength.
- Hot flashes and sweating issues.
- Sleep disturbances and depression.
- Diminished concentration, memory loss and cognitive decline.
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