Causes of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis occurs when the immune system attacks healthy cells in the body by mistake. The exact cause is unknown, but genetics, environment, and other factors may play a role. Some key triggers that contribute to the development of rheumatoid arthritis include:
- Genetics: Certain genes increase the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis. Having a close family member with the disease also increases one's own risk.
- Autoimmunity: For unknown reasons, the body's immune system begins to attack its own tissues, especially those that line the joints. White blood cells produce antibodies that cause inflammation.
- Gender: Women are two to three times more likely than men to develop rheumatoid arthritis. Hormonal and genetic factors may explain this gender difference.
Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis
The hallmark symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis are joint pain, swelling, stiffness, and loss of function. Common signs and symptoms include:
- Joint swelling and tenderness on both sides of the body (bilateral). Joints commonly involved are the hands, wrists, elbows, knees, and feet.
- Warmth and redness around the joints.
- Morning stiffness lasting 30 minutes or longer. Stiffness also occurs after long periods of inactivity.
- Fatigue and general feeling of being unwell.
- Low-grade fever.
- Rheumatoid nodules under the skin (firm bumps over bony areas).
If left untreated, rheumatoid arthritis can lead to long-term joint damage, disability, and decreased quality of life. Early treatment is critical to slowing disease progression.
Treatment Options for Rheumatoid Arthritis
The goal of Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment is to reduce joint inflammation and damage, relieve symptoms, and improve physical function and overall health. A treatment plan is tailored to the individual and normally includes both drug and non-drug approaches.
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