Early U.S. Vaccine Market in America
Some of the earliest vaccine developments in America came in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. In 1796, Edward Jenner administered the first smallpox vaccine in Britain, based on his discovery that exposure to cowpox provided protection against smallpox. Word of Jenner's breakthrough spread across the Atlantic to the United States. By 1800, multiple physicians along the East Coast had begun administering the smallpox vaccine in an effort to curb outbreaks of the deadly disease. Vaccination efforts started to significantly reduce smallpox cases over subsequent decades.
Vaccination Campaigns Help U.S. Vaccine
In the late 19th century, several mass smallpox vaccination campaigns took place across major American cities under the guidance of local boards of health. These campaigns helped lower smallpox transmission rates considerably. In the 20th century, global initiatives led by the World Health Organization further reduced smallpox cases worldwide through widespread immunization. The last natural case of smallpox occurred in 1977, and the disease was officially declared eradicated from humanity in 1980 through the global use of vaccines. Smallpox was the first human disease eradicated globally through vaccination.
Development of the Salk and Sabin Polio Vaccines
In the early 20th century, polio outbreaks became increasingly common in the U.S. Vaccine and caused tens of thousands of paralysis cases each year. In 1952, scientist Dr. Jonas Salk began work on the first injectable inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). Large-scale clinical trials involving over 1.8 million children began in 1954. Results demonstrated the Salk vaccine was up to 90% effective in preventing paralytic polio. It was announced to the world on April 12, 1955 and mass vaccination campaigns began that same year.
Building on Salk's work, Soviet scientist Dr. Albert Sabin developed an oral polio vaccine (OPV) using weakened live viruses that could be administered easily without needles. After extensive studies, Sabin's OPV was licensed for use in the U.S. in 1962. Its ease of administration and effective immunization of communities through fecal-oral transmission led it to eventually replace Salk's IPV. By the late 1970s, polio had been nearly eradicated in the U.S. through the combined efforts of vaccination programs
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Ravina Pandya, Content Writer, has a strong foothold in the market research industry. She specializes in writing well-researched articles from different industries, including food and beverages, information and technology, healthcare, chemical and materials, etc.