Tooth grinding, or bruxism, is a common dental condition characterized by the involuntary clenching or grinding of teeth. Several factors contribute to this behavior, both physical and psychological. One primary cause is stress and anxiety, as individuals often unconsciously grind their teeth in response to heightened emotions. This can occur during sleep or even when awake, as a coping mechanism.

Poorly aligned teeth, known as malocclusion, can also trigger bruxism. The misalignment disrupts the natural harmony of the jaw, leading to grinding as the body attempts to find a comfortable resting position for the teeth. Additionally, lifestyle factors such as excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and the use of certain recreational drugs may exacerbate tooth grinding.

Sleep disorders, particularly sleep apnea, are linked to bruxism. The interrupted breathing patterns associated with sleep apnea may prompt teeth grinding as the body attempts to maintain an open airway. Moreover, underlying medical conditions like Parkinson's disease and acid reflux can contribute to bruxism.

In some cases, tooth grinding may result from a combination of these factors. Identifying the root cause is crucial for effective treatment, which may involve stress management techniques, dental interventions such as mouthguards, and addressing any underlying health issues.