Microcentrifuge tubes, also known as Eppendorf tubes or microfuge tubes, are workhorses in the biological research lab. Their small size and conical bottoms make them ideal for handling and processing small volumes of liquids (typically from 0.5 mL to 2 mL). Here's a detailed breakdown of their uses:
Sample Handling and Storage
- Holding Samples:They are used to store and transport a variety of biological samples, including:
- DNA and RNA: For tasks like isolating, purifying, and storing genetic material.
- Proteins:For protein purification, analysis, and storage.
- Cells and Bacteria: For culturing cells, studying bacterial growth, and sample preparation for further analysis.
- Other Biological Fluids: For storing enzymes, buffers, and other biological solutions.
Sample Preparation and Mixing
- Mixing and Re-suspending:The conical bottom and small size facilitate efficient mixing of samples with pipettes or vortex mixers.
- Dilution and Concentration: Due to the graduated markings on many tubes, they can be used for accurate dilution and concentration of samples.
- Cell Lysis: Microcentrifuge tubes can withstand brief boiling or sonication, which can be used to lyse (break open) cells to release their contents.
Centrifugation
- Pelleting: This is their namesake function. Centrifugation separates mixtures based on density. Microcentrifuge tubes are designed for use in microcentrifuges, which achieve very high speeds (up to 25,000 x g). This allows for efficient pelleting of cells, bacteria, precipitates, or other dense materials from a liquid suspension.
- Clarification:By spinning a sample at a moderate speed, cell debris or other unwanted particles can be pelleted, leaving a clear supernatant for further analysis.
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